Writing papers high: 2020

Monday, August 24, 2020

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Questions - Essay Example Understanding inspiration factors helps the administration in planning occupations and objective setting. When the examination questions have been distinguished, scientists start gathering pieces of information and realities. Choice to increase a comprehension of the workers requires assortment of information. At long last, the administration will have the option to illuminate the riddle confronting them about the conduct of the workers (Singh 123). This is conceivable through assembling all the intimations and making determination. Utilizing this data the organization can take proactive measures in improving creation. Quantitative strategies incorporate realities that are delineated in reviews and surveys. This data permits the administration to gather data that causes them to comprehend the requirements of the representatives. This is finished utilizing center gatherings, meetings, and individual perceptions. Applying Maslow chain of importance of necessities can assist the adminis tration with motivating the representatives. Question 2: Perception Process Perception is the manner in which an individual sees and gets things. In spite of the fact that everybody is continually gone up against by various upgrades, just a couple of them are chosen. Initially, the power factor expresses that a boost is bound to be seen in the event that it is the more exceptional. This has the propensity of affecting what gets peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s consideration. ... Redundancy of an improvement additionally influences the perceptual procedure. Rehashed objects get more consideration than a solitary one. That is the reason managers give headings more than once. Moving articles likewise gets consideration more than fixed ones. Transport line draw in more consideration than a fixed machine. Learning impacts perceptual procedure where earlier information influences the selectivity procedure. For example, a purchaser will buy results of which they have a related knowledge. Finally, inspiration and character influences perceptual selectivity where an individual with a bigger number of requirements will in general work harder than those with less duties will (Singh 315). Then again, perceptual mistakes allude to the twisting of recognition process. In a meeting setting, this is seen whereby the questioner take part in generalizing, by summing up all the interviewees. It is likewise feasible for the questioners to pass judgment on individuals by their p hysical appearance or even their early introduction (Singh 317). This may cause blunders in the enrollment. In conclusion, the meeting strategy probably won't accomplish its goals if the questioner continues bouncing into decision about individuals, and not setting aside some effort to listen to them. Question 4: Stage Group Development Model Group improvement is a critical viewpoint in the achievement of any association. The procedure begins by recognizing the perfect individuals from the gathering. At that point, framing stage sets in where vital movement, which unites all the individuals chose to shape a gathering (Singh 447). Every one of them ought to comprehend group objectives, the jobs each individual should take on, and the arrangement of decides that administer that gathering. The following level incorporates the raging stage that centers around endeavors of settling any issues that may

Saturday, August 22, 2020

No Clear Hero in Lord of the Flies Lord of the Fli Essay Example For Students

No Clear Hero in Lord of the Flies Lord of the Fli Essay es EssaysNo Clear Hero in Lord of the Flies The possibility of a saint is a confused one and there are a few potential understandings in Lord of the Flies. In real life films the legend is typically the hero regardless of whether he (or she) is very brutal. Activity saints are solid and extreme and think immediately when there is an issue. In books the saint can essentially be the primary character of the story, however for the most part we feel some compassion toward that person also. Here and there the legend is somebody very unforeseen, who figures out how to do or make statements that acquire our regard and adoration. In Lord of the Flies there is no reasonable saint however there are three potential possibility for the depiction, Jack, Ralph and Simon. Jack could have been the activity saint of the novel. He is solid and intense and generally thinks immediately when there is an issue. At the point when he initially shows up he is the pioneer of the ensemble and he can monitor them and cause them to do as he needs. Later on he turns into the pioneer of the trackers and is a genuine guide to his adherents. Jack is likewise truly daring and when he, Ralph and Roger headed out to chase the monster Jack drove the way. Tragically, Jack isn't acceptable at co-working with Ralph and Piggy and his fixation on chasing prompts the fire going out when a boat is located. At the point when the three young men botch the dead aviator for the mammoth, Jack makes conclusive move however doesn't generally look up to the issue. He takes the young men to a piece of the island that is more secure and attempts to pay off the mammoth by leaving the pigs head as a kind of offering. Jack therefore has numerous characteristics required to be a saint however when he is in charge he menaces the young men and is halfway answerable for the passings of Simon and Piggy. He isn't intentionally malevolent yet his activities frequently have malicious results, so Jack can't generally be viewed as a saint in the novel. Ralph begins well in the novel. He is the primary individual we meet on the island and he becomes pioneer by mainstream vote. He doesn't appear to be aggressive like Jack and from the outset he makes certifiable endeavors to run life on the island appropriately. Ralph is bold. He drives the undertaking to investigate the obscure island, he heads out to confront the monster, and when troubles arise he doesn't simply surrender. Ralph is likewise genuine. In contrast to Piggy, he concedes that the passing of Simon is murder and that he was mostly included. Another purpose behind considering Ralph the saint of the book is that he is at the focal point of the story. The tale starts and finishes with his perspectives and we invest more energy with Ralph than with some other single character. Ralph in this way qualifies as the legend of the novel from various perspectives, yet he additionally has numerous deficiencies. He is definitely not a solid chief and can't ensure that the cottages are manufactured or the fire is viewed. Above all, he can't persuade the young men that the brute doesnt exist. Before the finish of the novel he has killed one companion and neglected to forestall the demise of another. Simon appears to be an improbable legend from the start. He has fits and is viewed as somewhat unusual by different individuals from the ensemble. Be that as it may, similar to Jack and Ralph, Simon shows physical mental fortitude. He is picked to go on the main investigation of the island and he is the main kid sufficiently daring to ascend the mountain to find the dead pilot. He is truly kind to the littleuns and supportive on ventures like structure the cottages. .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .postImageUrl , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:hover , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:visited , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:active { border:0!important; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:active , .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u81194fae15c db6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u81194fae15cdb6a50bbee9ce5b3132ef:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Recycling Essay When Simon has his discussion with the Lord of the Flies he comprehends what's going on the island and bites the dust attempting to carry a message of plan to the young men. Shockingly, his message doesnt overcome. Simon should consequently be viewed as the nearest thing the novel has to a legend. He wins the regard of the peruser however it is hard to find in him some different characteristics we typically expect of a legend. Golding took the names of Jack and Ralph from Coral Island (where the Simon character is called Peterkin). In that novel the three young men are permitted to be saints, yet Golding needed to show the truth of the cutting edge world in his story. All the time the young men are acting like savages the grown-ups, who should know better, are occupied with a nuclear war. The aviator brute is an indication of this contention and his appearance is the issue that is finally too much to bear that annihilates the general public the young men were attempting to assemble. In such a skeptical novel it isn't amazing that there is no unmistakable legend.

Tuesday, July 21, 2020

What Is Holotropic Breathwork

What Is Holotropic Breathwork Meditation Print Holotropic Breathwork Benefits and Risks By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 02, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 20, 2020 More in Self-Improvement Meditation Happiness Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition The Foundation How It Is Practiced What Does It Feel Like? Benefits Potential Risks Who Should Not Practice View All Back To Top Holotropic Breathwork is a type of New Age practice that was developed by psychiatrists Stanislav and Christina Grof in the 1970s out of their interest in altered states of consciousness as a potential therapeutic tool.?? Holotropic breathwork involves controlling ones breathing patterns to influence mental, emotional, and physical states. It is a practice that is derived from a spiritual framework, but it is also a trademarked activity.?? For instance, one can obtain a certification from the Grof Foundation after completion of a 600-hour training course. Many countries utilize this technique as a spiritual practice rather than a therapeutic one. In this way, some people participate to expand their awareness instead of to overcome or manage a mental health condition.?? Its practitioners propose that this technique moves you forward to the next part of the picture. In other words, it may shifts you into another state, perhaps when you have been stuck and unable to advance using other means. Often times, this can happen through some form of catharsis. However, the belief is that trauma will only come forward during a session if it is necessary for healing; and that this wont be known at the outset of the session.?? Rather, it can only unfold on its own as the session progresses. How Catharsis Can Bring About Positive Change Definition Holotropic breathwork was developed by the Grofs after LSD became illegal in the late 1960s. Its developers, the Grofs, were trained in Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.?? Stanislav Grof is known as the co-founder of transpersonal psychology (along with Abraham Maslow). Grof began his work at the Psychiatric Research Institute in Prague and eventually moved to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. His work was conducted with patients experiencing psychiatric illness, cancer, and drug addiction. The practice of holotropic breathwork involves using the breathing process to access altered states of consciousness.?? The purpose is to obtain enlightenment of some kind. From the Greek words holos (whole) and trepein (to move toward), the word holotropic translates to moving toward wholeness. During holotropic breathwork, participants breathe rapidly to induce an altered state from which it is believed that a deeper understanding of oneself can be derived. Some call this a more intense form of meditation. The primary principle of this technique is that healing comes from within the person practicing the breathwork??. It is thought that this premise also means that the participant comes away feeling personally empowered. The Foundation The basic premise is that each person has an inner radar that can determine the most important experience at a given moment, but that we cannot be aware of this experience until it happens.?? From this perspective, the facilitator does not need to tell those who are practicing what to focus on. Instead, participants should figure out what emerges for them as they do the work. This will always be specific to the person at that particular time in their life. How It Is Practiced Below is a description of what a session of Holotropic breathwork might look like.?? Holotropic breathwork is most often practiced in a group setting. It may also be offered in individual sessions or as part of a retreat. People are paired off in a group setting. There is one breather and one sitter. The sitter only helps the breather if needed. Otherwise, this person ensures that the breather is safe and supported during the session.A facilitator guides the session. There is direction given to increase the speed and rhythm of their breathing. The breather is told to breath faster and deeper while keeping their eyes closed.A session might last from 2 to 3 hours in total.The breather will lie on a mat for the duration of a session.Repetitive music is played. This encourages the breather to enter an altered state of consciousness (similar to having a vivid dream). The music starts off with drumming, and eventually reaches a peak and switches to heart music. From there it eventually changes to meditative music.The session is open-ended. This means that each person is able to derive their own meaning and attain self-discovery. Breathers can make any sounds and move in any way that they want.Afterward, participants draw mandalas about their experience and discuss what happened. This could be the re-experiencing of past trauma, feelings of joy, or the development of spiritual awareness.Breathers and sitters swap roles for future sessions.There is not a certain pattern of change that must occur during a session. Participants are free to work on whatever comes up for them as they enter the altered state. The act of hyperventilation may lead to an altered state of consciousness due to oxygen deprivation to the brain. Proponents of this technique argue that this altered state allows individuals to access parts of the mind that are not usually accessible; this might include re-emerging memories of past events. What Does It Feel Like? A common question: what does it feel like to participate in Holotropic breathwork? It might seem scary to breathe in this way, and you might worry about the effects that you will experience. Rather than calling it an altered state of consciousness, some prefer to refer to this as a non-ordinary state of consciousness to reflect that it does not necessarily have the negative connotations of altered states.?? In general, the concept of having a dream might be similar. Holotropic breathwork is an experience that is supposed to bring the person into a deeper dimension of the present moment and to see things in a more colorful way than reality might appear otherwise. Benefits Research to support the therapeutic benefits of Holotropic breathwork for psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety is lacking. However, there is some evidence to suggest that it might be helpful for relaxation, stress relief, personal growth, or self-awareness.?? It is recommended that Holotropic breathwork is undertaken alongside traditional therapy, rather than be used as a replacement for it. Spending time in a trusting environment, focusing on deeper life concerns, learning how to support other people, learning to trust in your ability to heal yourself, and learning compassion are all potential benefits. Potential Risks There are some potential risks of participating in Holotropic breathwork.?? There is some concern that this technique causes distress in vulnerable individuals, such as those at risk for psychosis. In addition, there are significant medical risks of hyperventilation. The reduced carbon dioxide and other alterations in blood chemistry can lead to dizziness, fainting, weakness, spasms of the hands and feet, and even seizures. Since the process of Holotropic breathwork is aimed at a deep experience, it is possible that uncomfortable feelings will arise, also known as a healing crisis. Indeed, this technique is controversial because it involves the possible amplification of symptoms in potentially problematic ways. Who Should Not Practice This technique can evoke intense physical and emotional changes. Therefore, there is a list of specific criteria that exists to advise against participation. For anyone, is a good idea to discuss possible risks with your healthcare provider before embarking on this alternative practice, especially if you have the following conditions:?? Cardiovascular diseaseHeart attacks, high blood pressure, and anginaGlaucoma or retinal detachmentRecent injury or surgeryAny condition that requires you to take medicationPanic attacks or psychosisSeizuresSevere mental illnessAneurysms (or family history)Pregnancy or breastfeeding A Word From Verywell Given the associated risks and limited of research evidence, there is little to suggest that Holotropic breathwork should be used as a viable alternative to traditional mental health treatments.?? However, if used as part of a larger treatment program, it is possible that it may offer benefits to certain individuals. If you choose to participate in this technique, ensure that you are aware of the associated risks and individuals for whom the technique is not advised.?? You can practice this technique as part of group sessions, workshops, or retreats. Individual sessions are also available. The best course of action is to talk with a trained facilitator to determine which type of session is best for you. The facilitator should guide and support you through the process. How To Use Your Spirituality To Manage Stress

Friday, May 22, 2020

What happened in The Story Of An Hour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 822 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Tags: The Story Of An Hour Essay Did you like this example? In 1894, There was a great story written by Kate Chopin. The story was called the story of an hour. The story focused on the main character Mrs. Mallardrs The story starts with lots of excitements but then ending not the best thing that you would think that could happen. There are so many insights that shows so many different points in this story that makes it really. The story really talks about: What the message is about? DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What happened in The Story Of An Hour?" essay for you Create order What action might be given? (Clugston,2014). There may be some answered in why was this marriage was so dysfunctional. Was the marriage lacking communication, freedom, confinement and mortality. Dysfunctional marriage might have something to do with how the wifers where to be toward their husband back in 19 centuries. Women were only allowed to cook, clean and care for the children. Women were only supposed make their husband happy with pleasure. Women had no rights they couldnt no show their emotions an anyways. If a woman worked which was not very often. They had to give there husband the money they do make. In a marriage is there a true love? Mrs. Mallard found out about her husband death while on the train. That not only her husband was not dead after all. How would you explain to someone that this happen? When the message was told. She became sick to the point she started having heart problems. In which at this point causing her more damage to her heart the freedom has to deal with how her marriage, and how bad her heat was. Her freedom was token away suddenly when she was confined to are place. When her husband passed she thought she had her freedom. And it was given back. When she realized her husband was still alive. Her happiness and joy and came crashing down. The story happened so fast. The Changes were so drastically in her. Mrs. Mallard had an hour to really process what has happen to her husband. But then a minute later she found out that the news she heard about her husband was not true. When she found out her husband was gone she thought she had a life the way she may have wanted. That all changed when she found out about her husband and that he was still alive. Her dreams came to a big halt when she found out that someone might have been gone then turns out they werent. This news came to be the scariest moment in her life. The emotions that Mrs. Mallard had to over come from the death of her husband. Caused her own death instead. Her freedom that she thought she may have had was all token away just like that. Mrs. Mallard could not handle anymore and caused her heart to end. The readers were able to really understand more about the characters in the story. There were many different views have things have went through the story. The person who wrote the story was compassionate and made Mrs. Mallardrs thought seeing to the sensible and more reasonable. There was still something that she might be scared of. But she would keep to herself. Mrs. Mallard felt that reaching out to the sound and the world around her was something she need to do. Mrs. Mallard my have been in one of that dysfunctional marriage. But the way that was out of her marriage was not what she was hoping for she wasnt not happy in her marriage. Mrs. Mallard thought she was finally free. After hearing about her husband death. But that turned not to be true. Her freedom was exciting but scared for her at the same time. The narrated wrote that Mrs. Mallard was being a little selfish and not caring about her husband. The story of Mrs. Mallard life the of emotions, that really ended her life. Some detachment was there. Mrs. Mallard idea of a marriage may have been wonderful but the last things she wanted was her freedom. They were other characters in the story that you may not have heard. There was her sister Josephine and Richard friends husband. The story ended was she dying was so fast. But the shocked she had developed made her unable to go on with her life. The shock happens when she found out that her husband was still alive and that her freedom was no longer hers. So, the stress from hearing the news broke her causing her heart to into shock. In conclusion, there are still many un answered question on why this all did happen. What really did happen to Mrs. Mallard? Did she really died are was a trick to get out of her marriage? The story was short so they had to make sure that there were some elements that can support the point view. The story leaves it so us readers have to decided what really went on.

Thursday, May 7, 2020

The Controversial Debate On Legalization Of Physician...

The Right to Life (and Death) In 1776, our forefathers signed the Declaration of Independence, guaranteeing life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This brings up the question, if you have the right to life, do you have the right to death? After all, it is your life and no one elseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s, right? This is the question at the very center of the controversial debate on the legalization of physician assisted suicide in the United States. Anti-physician assisted suicide groups often argue that no individual truly wants to end their life. However, that statement does not ring true to those who would actually utilize physician assisted suicide- terminally ill patients. Imagine being diagnosed with a terminal disease, followed by months and sometimes years of treatment that brings insufferable side effects due to countless medicines, drugs and surgeries only to be told that you have a minimal chance of survival and will have to undergo treatment for the rest of your life. This is the bleak reality for many who are terminally ill. A compassionate individual would conclude that it is not fair for patients to be forced to live this kind of life or lack thereof, if they do not wish to do so. Physician assisted suicide should be a legal option to competent, terminally ill patients in the United States in order to end their suffering, reduce the damaging financial effects of hospital costs on their loved ones and families and to preserve the individual right of people to determine theirShow MoreRelatedSince The Fifteen Century, Society Has Viewed Suicide Or1178 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesSince the fifteen century, society has viewed suicide or intentional death as immoral. It was not until the twentieth century that these Ã¢â‚¬Å"immoralÃ¢â‚¬ attitudes were challenged. As of 2016, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Colombia have unambiguously legalized direct assisted dying. Other areas, having to undergo a process of either a judicial or legislative decision, include Canada, Japan, and Germany. Currently in the United States, following the same process of a judicial or legislative processesRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongoing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life. Read MoreEuthanasia Is The Act Of Killing Someone1284 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesEuthanasia is the act of killing someone that is very sick or injured in to prevent a painful suffering in life. One type of euthanasia is physician-assisted suicide, which is the use of a particular medicine given to a patient by a doctor to cause a peaceful death. This a very controversial topic when it comes to the subject of terminal or severe illnesses such as cancer and dementia. Brittany Maynard is a well-known example of person who took her own live under OregonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s aid-in-dying law due toRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesresult in patients giving up on life, physician-assisted suicide should be legalized in all fifty states for terminally ill patients with worsening or unbearable pain. What is physician-assisted suicide? Ã¢â‚¬Å"Suicide is the act of taking ones own life. In assisted suicide, the means to end a patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life is provided to the patient (i.e. medication or a weapon) with knowledge of the patients intentionÃ¢â‚¬ (American Nurses Association). Physician-assisted suicide is known by many names such as deathRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Allowed?895 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesShould physicians be allowed to help patients determine the timing and circumstances of their death? The Ã¢â‚¬Å"right to dieÃ¢â‚¬ debate is a very sensitive and complex issue in modern culture. While suicide is a legal act in the United States, assisted suicide is not. Opinions on the subject are shaped by countless factors such as ethical issues, social issues, and primarily religious issues. Many people are opposed to the legalization of physician assisted suicide for Ã¢â‚¬Å"moralÃ¢â‚¬ reasons, however, legalizationRead MoreAssisted Suicide And The Death W ith Dignity Act803 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesIntroduction Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) occurs when a physician facilitates a patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death by providing the necessary means and/or information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act (e.g. the physician provides sleeping pills and information about the lethal dose, while aware that the patient may commit suicide). [Carter, 2015]. According to Death with Dignity.org, Oregon, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington and California along with Montana who administrated the Death with DignityRead MoreLegalizing Assistive Suicide1278 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesAssistive suicide, also known as euthanasia, Ã¢â‚¬Å"is suicide committed by someone with assistance from others, typically to end suffering from a severe physical illnessÃ¢â‚¬ (American Heritage Dictionary, 615). This action is most commonly committed between doctor and patient interactions. This controversial issue depicts suicides as a helpful solution to personally benefit terminally ill patients, as opposed to a forbidden so cial issue. Assistive suicide has become a major debate of legalization. Ã¢â‚¬Å"This isRead MorePersuasive Essay Pro Euthanasia954 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesGrace (JiEun) Lee AP Language and composition Persuasive essay 6 October 2017 Euthanasia legalization The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. Aristotle Being one of the most fervid and controversial topic of all, euthanasia, also known as physician-assisted suicide, has initiated a very sensitive discussion on life and death under oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to choose either side. Euthanasia is defined as a Ã¢â‚¬Å"the act or practice of killingRead MoreShould Die And Die?1214 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesfirst degree because he helped a patient kill himself. The issue of The Right to Die is so controversial because due to people s different opinions about whether or not someone can kill themselves almost 10,000 people wanting to kill themselves each year but only around 3,800 carried out (Wolf). Legalizing assisted suicide was introduced when a patient wanted to kill himself but Legalizing assisted suicide would have drastic public policy implications. The question whether some citizens (doctors)Read MoreLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide And Active Euthanasia843 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesU.S. over whether or not to authorize physician-assisted su icide and active euthanasia has reached new levels of vehemence. Oregon, California, Vermont, and Washington (and Montana, via court ruling) have become the first states to legalize physician-assisted suicide. There has, too, been campaigning, ballot measures, bills, and litigation in other states in attempts to legalize one or both practices. Supporters increasingly urge either absolute legalization or another form of legitimation, through

The Controversial Debate On Legalization Of Physician...

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Increase of Illicit Stimulant Use on College Campuses Free Essays

The Increase of Illicit Stimulant Use on College Campuses Stephanie Lobe Upper Iowa University December 5, 2011 ABSTRACT Numerous studies are finding that college students in the United States are relying on stimulant medications prescribed for ADHD without a prescription and for nonmedical reasons, most commonly because students believe these medications can enhance their cognitive performance. Research finds that students report these stimulants have become a part of the college culture and are easier to obtain than alcohol. This paper will discuss the prevalence of use on college campuses in the United States and both the academic and nonacademic motivations these students use prescription stimulants illicitly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Increase of Illicit Stimulant Use on College Campuses or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United States, the domestic sales for prescription stimulant ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) medications such as Ritalin, Adderall, and Dexedrine are increasing at significant rates. Between 1991 and 1999, sales of these prescription stimulants increased over 500 percent. As the rate of legal use increases, so does the rate of illegal or nonmedical use, especially on our college campuses. Data shows that these drugs have high abuse potentials and produce effects very similar to cocaine. Because of the potential for physical and psychological dependency and risk of abuse, the US Drug Enforcement Administration classifies these stimulants as Schedule II substances (Woodworth, 2000). Unfortunately, most students consider these drugs safe and do not realize the potential side effects and risk for abuse. There is a perception that nonmedical use of these drugs is morally acceptable if used for academic rather than recreational purposes (DeSantis, 2008). In, 2002, there had not yet been a lot of research conducted on illicit stimulant use on campus. At this time, Graf Low and A. E. Gendaszak surveyed undergraduates at a small college in the United States to gather information on the legal and illegal use of stimulants on the college campus. The authors also wanted to explore how perfectionism and sensation seeking behavior contributed to abuse of both legal and illegal stimulants. Low and Gendaszak hypothesized that students influenced by perfectionism would be likely to abuse prescription stimulants (i. e. Ritalin, Adderall) and sensation seeking students would be more likely to abuse both prescription stimulants and illegal stimulants (i. e. methamphetamines, cocaine). Of 160 questionnaires distributed to students in an undergraduate psychology course, 150 questionnaires were returned. The questionnaires assessed selected demographic variables and the abuse of prescription and illegal stimulants during the previous 12 months. It is important to note that for this study, illicit stimulant use is defined as taking prescription stimulants (Adderall, Ritalin, etc) without a prescription. Illegal stimulant use is defined as taking the illegal Ã¢â‚¬Å"streetÃ¢â‚¬ stimulants cocaine or MDMA (ecstasy). Participants were also questioned about their reasons for using stimulants. Two measures that have demonstrated reliability and validity with college students were administered to assess possible correlates of use: the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Sensation Seeking Scale. Ten percent of the students participating were prescribed stimulants by a medical professional and researchers automatically categorized them as non-abusers. In this journal article, the authors do not report the total number or percent of participants that were considered illicit users. They do report that analysis of the illicit users showed that 10% abused stimulants monthly and 8% weekly. There were a significantly higher number of men than women reporting illicit use, but no difference in their motivations for use. The common motivations for use were: to improve intellectual performance, to be more efficient and to use in combination with alcohol. Of the total of students participating, 34% reported taking cocaine, MDMA or both within the last 12 months. It was found that illegal stimulant use was highly correlated with illicit use of prescription stimulants. Researchers also found there was a correlation between having a prescription for stimulants and using illegal stimulants. Eighty-eight percent of the illegal users reported using MDMA vs. cocaine with men reporting greater use than women. Almost always, the motivation for illegal stimulant use was for recreational purposes. Sensation seeking and perfectionism were dichotomized based on a median split to produce categorical variables for analysis of variance. A two by two analysis of variance was carried out (high or low perfectionism by high or low sensation seeking) with the illicit use of prescription drugs as the dependent variable and gender as a covariate. The main effect for sensation seeking was significant, but perfectionism was not associated with self-reported use. However, the two-way interaction between sensation seeking and perfectionism was significant. High sensation seeking perfectionists had the greatest self-reported abuse of prescription stimulants (Low, 2002). In the research study, Illicit Use of Prescription ADHD Medications on a College Campus: a Multimethodical Approach, both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted to collect data on college studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ perceptions of illicit prescription stimulant use and the prevalence of use. With the combined methods, 1,811 undergraduate students from a large, public, southeastern research university participated. Seventy-eight of these students had a prescription to treat ADHD and were removed from the study, leaving a total of 1,733 participants. This study found that of those participants, 34 % of used prescription stimulants illegally and for nonmedical reasons. The results suggested that illicit use of the stimulants was more common in Caucasians, men, upperclassmen, and students belonging to Greek organizations. Interviews with students allowed researchers to gather detailed information about their perceptions of stimulant prescription drugs, the circumstances of the first time they used a stimulant and what their motives were. During the interviews, it was discovered how prevalent illicit use of these medications are as well as how casually this use was discussed on campus with many students stating, Ã¢â‚¬Å"itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s no big dealÃ¢â‚¬ . Of the illegal users in the study, 63% used stimulants for the first time in college and for most the first time of use was at a time of high academic stress. For more than two-thirds of these users, this occurred during finals or when they had multiple tests in one day. First time users had little knowledge about the side effects of stimulant medication, the appropriate doses, or the legal consequences of using these drugs illicitly. Of illegal users, 72% reported using the drugs to stay awake and study longer or to concentrate on work. Many students claimed they could be more productive and reported being able to study for up to 3-5 hours straight without getting distracted or taking a break. Others reported the stimulants made them Ã¢â‚¬Å"smarterÃ¢â‚¬ because they were able to memorize retain information, grasp ideas and recall information better. One participantÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s description of the drug Adderall was, Ã¢â‚¬Å"the stuff is like an academic anabolic steroidÃ¢â‚¬ . There were a few students that reported use of the stimulants for nonacademic purposes. Some these reasons included that the drugs gave them the ability to stay up all night for parties, be more talkative and social at parties and feel the effects of alcohol quicker. Students also reported that when crushed and snorted, the drugs produced a high similar to cocaine (DeSantis, 2008). In the study, Illicit Use of Prescription Stimulant Medication Among College Students, authors also investigate how prevalent illicit use is at a Midwestern campus as well as why students are abusing these drugs. Three different methods were used to recruit students for the study. A list of randomly selected students residing in residence halls, 500 female and 500 male, was obtained from the universityÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s registrar office. A cover letter and questionnaire were sent to these students and then a second questionnaire was mailed to those who had not responded within two weeks. The researchers also held three sessions that were open to introductory psychology students who would receive credit for completing the questionnaire. The last effort to recruit students included researchers going door to door on menÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wings in residence halls. The combined total of responses was 552. The survey completed consisted of 85 items with the first section including questions about demographics and personal information. The questions on the remainder of the survey used a Likert-type scale (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree). Questions were separated into two sections for statistical analysis. The second section obtained specific information from individuals who reported they had illicitly taken stimulant medication. Results from the survey found that 17% of the men surveyed and 11% of the women surveyed had used prescription stimulants for non-medical reasons. Forty-four percent of the students surveyed reported that they knew someone who had used prescribed stimulant medication illicitly for academic or recreational reasons. Authors found that the main reason for use was to increase alertness and energy and use was associated with experiencing time and academic pressures of college life (Hall, 2005). The purpose of a study published in the Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy was to explore illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and the reasons and routes of administration associated with illicit use of these drugs. The study was conducted at a large Midwestern university in 2005. A random sample of 5,389 full-time, undergraduate students were selected from the total population of 20, 138 full-time students. In order to produce reliable prevalence estimates for minority racial and ethnic groups, researchers oversampled 652 Hispanic, 634 African American and 244 Asian students. Students in the sample were mailed a letter describing the study and inviting students to self-administer a confidential web survey. Participants were eligible for a sweepstakes that included cash prizes, travel vouchers and other prizes. The final response rate exceeded the average rate for national college based studies of alcohol and other drugs with a 66% response rate. The final sample closely resembled the demographics of the overall student population and consisted of 4,580 undergraduate students. The results from the survey indicated that 8. 3% of the participants had used illicit prescription stimulants in their lifetime and 5. 9% had used them in the past year. Three out of four of the illicit users reported taking Adderall and one out of four illicit users reported taking Ritalin. Unlike other studies of this nature, the authors report there were no differences in past year illicit prescription stimulant use between men and women. They did find statistically significant ethnic-racial differences in past year use with 8. % of Hispanics having used illicit prescription stimulants, 7% of Caucasians, 3. 4% of Asians, 1. 9% of African Americans and 3. 6% of those categorized as other. Sixty-five percent of the lifetime users began using illicit prescription stimulants during college rather than before starting college. Logistic regression showed students who began using prescription stimulants illicitly before entering college were three times as likely to use these drugs durin g college compared to those who had not used them before entering college. When looking at the motivations of students using illicit prescription stimulants, researchers found significant differences between gender and ethnic-racial groups. Men were more likely than women to report using these drugs to experiment, get high, and counteract the effects of other drugs. Women were more likely than men to report using prescription stimulants to lose weight, to help study, and to increase alertness. There was not a difference between sexes regarding the most frequently cited motive which was to help with concentration. There were no African Americans that reported using illicit prescription stimulants to get high, but over 20% of Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians, and others reported this as a motive. The results for experimenting as a motive were similar. Most African American students who reported using prescription stimulants illicitly listed the motives to help concentrate or to help study. Students who reported using prescription stimulants illicitly before entering college were more likely to use these drugs during the past year to get high, lose weight or experiment. Students who did not start using prescription stimulants until enrolled in college were more likely to report the motive to help study. The results of this study also revealed findings about the routes in which students administered illicit prescription stimulants. Ninety-five percent of illicit users reported oral administration. Thirty-eight percent reported snorting the prescription stimulants and a very small percentage reported smoking, inhaling or injecting these drugs. Neither gender nor race-ethnicity were associated with routes of administration. However, students who began using illicit prescription stimulants before college were more likely to report snorting the drugs than those who started using during college. The authors report their study is the first to empirically document the claim that use of Adderall is the primary prescription stimulant used illicitly by college students. Hypothesizes to why the use of Adderall may be growing relative to other stimulants such as Ritlan, generally fall into three categories: availability, pharmacokinetic differences between stimulant drugs, and pharmacologic differences. In another study cited by the authors, college students reported Adderall was used more frequently because it was easily accessible, caused fewer emotional ups and downs, and was believed to work better overall. The authors explain that there are differences in the mechanism of action of Adderall that may result in this drug being more appealing to college students. The effects of the drug will last longer and may generate higher dopamine levels in the brain than occur when taking Ritalin (Teter, 2006). A study done by Rachel Judson Susan W Langdon investigated illicit use of stimulant medications on college campuses considering the theory of planned behavior. This theory states that attitudes, beliefs about social norms, and perceived control work together to create intentions which predict health related behavior. The study included a total of 333 participants from two small competitive New England college campuses. Two survey forms were distributed Ã¢â‚¬â€œ one for current stimulant prescription holders and one for non-prescription holders. The surveys were self-administered online. The study found that 20% of all participants reported illicit use of stimulants. Of the prescription holders, 46% reported illicit use (using for reasons other than prescribed or at increased doses) and of the non-prescription holders, 18. 3% reported illicit use. The two most predominant motives were to improve concentration and to increase alertness or stay awake. This indicates that academic reasons were more prevalent than recreational reasons for taking the medication. For non-prescription holders, the results were consistent with the theory of planned behavior. Attitudes, perceived norms and a sense of low control held by illicit users may act as rationalizations for their illicit use of stimulant medication (Judson, 2009). Many studies have been done investigating how perceived harmfulness influences nonmedical drug use and there have also been separate studies done investigating the association between nonmedical drug use and high sensation-seeking characteristics. This study takes both variables into consideration and explores whether the association between perceived harmfulness and nonmedical drug use vary by level of sensation-seeking. Participants included 1, 253 first year college students from a large, publicly-funded university in the mid-Atlantic region with an ethnically diverse student body. Personal interviews were conducted with participants and then participants were followed up with twice at six month intervals. Researchers examined the association between the two variables of perceived harmfulness and level of sensation-seeking characteristics because they believed it was important to consider the possibility that sensation-seeking characteristics can influence risk perception. Results from this study indicated that one in four students perceived a great risk of harm from occasional nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and analgesics. Low perceived harmfulness and high sensation-seeking were independently associated with increased risk of nonmedical use. At most levels of sensation-seeking, high perceived harmfulness did affect nonmedical prescription drug use; however, among high sensation-seekers, perceived harmfulness was not related to nonmedical use of prescription analgesics. This study found that individuals with low perceived harmfulness were approximately 10 times more likely to use prescription drugs for both stimulants and analgesics, as compared to those individuals with high perceived harmfulness. Another important finding was that individuals with low or moderate sensation-seeking tendencies were especially susceptible to the influence of perceived harmfulness (Arria, 2008). An article published online, New Findings on the Misuse of ADHD Medications by College Students, reviews one of the largest studies conducted regarding nonmedical use of stimulants on college campuses. In 2001, nearly 11,000 students attending 119 nationally representative, 4-year colleges in the United States were surveyed about their nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. The involvement of such a high number of universities across the country overcomes one of the major limitations of other studies done on this topic. Because most studies collect data from only one college, the results cannot be accurately generalized to college populations outside of that type of institution or region. This study found that the average rate for nonmedical use of stimulants during the participantÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s lifetime was 6. %; during the last year was 4. 1% and during the last month was 2. 1%. The rate of use of stimulants varied dramatically across the campuses surveyed with rates ranging from 0% to as high as 25%. Findings from this study indicate that the highest rates of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants are highest at colleges with competitive admission standards. More than 80% of s chools with a past year prevalence rate higher than 10% had highly competitive admission standards and were located in the Northeast or Southern United States. Results of the motives for illicit stimulant use were comparable to other studies with the three top motivations being to help with concentration, to help with alertness and to get high (Ashley ChildrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Psychology Center, n. d. ). Most research studies regarding the illicit use of prescription stimulants on college campuses use a randomly selected sample size of over 1,000 participants. In the study, Illicit Use of Prescription ADHD Medications on a College Campus: A Multimethodological Approach, students participating in part I of the research, a quantitative survey, are recruited through a large introductory communications course. This course is a social science requirement and was selected to represent students from different majors across the campus. To ensure the upperclassmen were also represented in the study, additional surveys were distributed in an upper division communications course as well as the general student body. The second part of the study included qualitative interviews with 175 full-time, undergraduate students. The authors fail to report how these students were recruited. It is not know if these students were randomly selected from the general student population or if they were selected from the group of students who completed the survey. This research was done at a large, southeastern research university in the United States (DeSantis, 2008). Studies relating to the illicit use of stimulants on college campuses have found a significant variance in the prevalence of usage depending on factors such as admission standards and location of the university (Ashley ChildrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Psychology Center. (n. . ). Due to this, the study done at this southeastern research university cannot be generalized to the college population as a whole. This study used both quantitative and qualitative studies. Data was collected from surveys administered in the classroom as well as from scripted, in-depth interviews with students. The authors designed and pretested the 25-item survey for this study by conducting a pilot study of 94 students. After receiving feedback from th e students, question wording and survey structure were revised. The interviews were conducted by students who had all completed an upper-division research methods course and were certified by the universityÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s institutional review board. Interviewers were assigned specific demographic groups to facilitate the comfort and trust levels of interviewees. Interviews with students allowed researchers to gather detailed information about their perceptions of stimulant prescription drugs, the circumstances of the first time they used a stimulant and what their motives were. Interviews revealed that many students viewed illicit prescription stimulant use as part of the culture of ampus life (DeSantis, 2008). This study showed that 34% of the students who participated in the study had used prescription stimulant medications for nonmedical purposes. This rate is significantly higher than most published studies about stimulant use on college campuses; however, studies have found that rates vary greatly depending on demographic factors (Teter, 2006). Th e authors offer three explanations as to the reason their study reported a significantly higher prevalence rate of use on campuses: 1. ADHD stimulant use may be rising nationwide and as time passes, this phenomenon continues to grow; 2. Rates of use may vary on different college campuses and this campus may have a higher prevalence of use; and 3. The relatively high proportion of Greek students in the student body may have contributed to the higher prevalence rate. In relation to explanation 2, it was also noted that this study took place in a state that has been ranked as one of the top three states in the nation for ADHD diagnosis. To estimate the proportion of individuals who used illicit stimulants by demographic category, the number of users in each category was divided by the total number surveyed in each category. Using results displayed by demographic category use and non-stimulant use, data was cross tabulated by the same demographics factors and a chi-square analysis was conducted to examine statistically significant differences. The resulting data suggested that illicit prescription stimulant use was more common in men, white students, upperclassmen, and members of Greek organizations. Most other studies have published similar results (DeSantis, 2008). The study, Illicit Use of Specific Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Prevalence, Motives and Routes of Administration found that there is a significantly higher prevalence of use in Caucasian and Hispanic students. These two ethnic groups reported rates of use at 8. 5% and 7%, respectively. Use for African Americans students was only 1. 9%. Another notable difference related to ethnicity was that while over 20% of Hispanic and Caucasian students reported one of the motives of using prescription stimulants was to get high; 0% of African American students reported that motivation (Teter, 2006). Quantitative data showed studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ primary motive for taking ADHD medication was to earn better grades in school. With the augmentation o the qualitative data, researchers discovered a myriad of more subtle motives defining when and why these students took stimulants. Researchers found that most students used prescription stimulants during finals week or periods of high academic stress. They also discovered some what some of the non-academic motives were such as staying up all night for parties, getting drunk quicker, and to be more social (DeSantis, 2008). Other studies have revealed similar findings with other non-academic motives being to help with losing weight, to get high, to experiment and to counteract the effects of other drugs (Teter, 2006). As discussed, the possible biases of this study were the fact that there was a high number of students in Greek organizations in the student body and that the study focuses on one campus noting the prevalence of use can vary greatly depending on the region the university is located in as well as other factors such as the competiveness of the school. The authors did not attempt to control these biases in their study, but in future studies an oversampling of students not involved in Greek organizations as well as a sample from several schools across the country could help control these biases (DeSantis, 2008). Each of these studies identifies the prevalent, increasing illicit use of stimulant medications for nonmedical uses, primarily motivated by academic reasons. It is apparent that most students do not know the dangers or risks of taking these medications and prescription stimulants are more socially acceptable than other drugs. Many students appear rationalize their use because it is for academic reasons rather than recreational reasons. This is a terrifying trend that can result in many unwanted outcomes, the worst being death. References: Arria, A. M. , Calderia, K. M. , Vincent, K. B. , OÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Grady, K. E. , Wish, E. D. (2008, July 17). Perceived harmfulness predicts nonmedical use of prescription drugs among college students: Interactions with sensation-seeking. In National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574828/ Ashley ChildrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Psychology Center. (n. d. . New Findings on the Misuse of ADHD Medications by College Students. In Ashley Psychology. Retrieved December 2, 2011, from http://ashleypsychology. com/Articles/010608. html [pic] DeSantis, A. D. , Webb, E. M. , Noar, S. M. (2008, November). Illicit Use of Prescription ADHD Medications on a College Campus: A Multimethodological Approach. Journal of American College H ealth, 51(3), 315-325. Retrieved November 12, 2011, from EBSCOhost. Hall, K. M. , Irwin, M. M. , Bowman, K. A. , Frankenberger, W. , Jewett, D. C. (2005, January). Illicit Use of Prescription Stimulant Medication Among College Students. Journal of American College Health, 53(4), 167-174. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from EBSCOhost. Judson, R. , Langdon, S. W. (2009, January). Illicit Use of Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Prescription Status, Motives, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Knowledge and Self Diagnostic Tendencies. Psychology, Health Medicine, 14(1), 97-104. doi:10. 1080/13548500802126723. Low, G. K. , Gendaszek, A. E. (2002, August 1). Illicit Use of Psychostimulants Among College Students: A Preliminary Study. Psychology of Health and Medicine, 7(3), 283-287. doi:10. 1080/13548500220139386 Teter, C. J. , McCabe, S. , LaGrange, K. , Cranford, J. A. , Boyd, C. J. (2006, October 26). Illicit Use of Specific Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Prevalence, Motives and Routes of Administration. The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 26(10), 1501-1510. doi:10. 1592/phco. 26. 10. 1501 Woodworth, T. (2000, May 16). DEA Congressional Testimony. Presented to the Committee on Education and the Workforce: Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from http://www. dea. gov/pubs/cngrtest/ct051600. htm. How to cite The Increase of Illicit Stimulant Use on College Campuses, Papers

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Understanding Cultural Diversity in the United States free essay sample

The United States of America is a perfect example of cultural diversity. Starting with the Mayflower landing in Massachusetts Bay in 1620, to the Great Migration from 1915 to 1930, to the continual immigration into our country today this country has seen its culture grow and reshape itself over the years. The culture of the United States is diverse but understanding and appreciating various cultures does not always exist within todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s classroom or in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s society. Understanding or even defining cultural diversity , identifying the challenges cultural diversity brings, or how to face cultural diversity are all issues educators face in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s classroom. If different people were asked to define cultural diversity there would be a varying degree of answers provided. One formal definition is: n ethnic, gender, racial, and socioeconomic variety in a situation, institution, or group; the coexistence of different ethnic, gender, racial, and socioeconomic groups within one social unit (Lexicon, ). We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cultural Diversity in the United States or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another formal definition is: the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole (Wikipedia, Cultural diversity, 2009). One of the main commonalities between the two definitions is the variety of society. To simply define cultural diversity would be variety. Whether that variety is language, skin color, gender, economic situation, or even ethnicity the basic breakdown is variety. The United States started with variety. When the Pilgrims boarded the Mayflower they had variety. There were 35 members who were members of the English Separatist Church and approximately two-thirds of those making the trip aboard the Mayflower were non-Separatists, hired to protect the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s interests; these included John Alden and Myles Standish (Britannica, 2009). Pilgrims met the Native Americans and soon found there to be several different Native American tribes. The Great Migration was the movement of 1. 3 million African-Americans out of the Southern United States to the North, Midwest and West from 1915 to 1930 (Wikipedia, Great Migration (African American), 2009). The North, Midwest, and the West all experienced a new ethnic migration which created a larger variety within their population. Today the nation experiences immigration of new citizens from all over the world. The United States is a more culturally diverse environment that does not mean it is a culturally tolerant environment. As the United States become more culturally diverse the challenges it faces builds dramatically. One of the major challenges felt in the United States are the language barriers. This challenge has been a struggle for the United States since as far back as the Pilgrims not understanding the languages of the Native Americans. But this challenge turned into a movement in the 1980Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s. Suddenly there were legislative campaigns to give English official status, an idea never proposed at the federal level before 1981, and to restrict the public use of minority languages (Crawford, 2000). This movement was given credence by 23 states and in 1996 Congress designated English as the Federal GovernmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s official business language. This movement created a whole new challenge, the challenge of keeping cultural language intact. The threat to linguistic resources is now recognized as a worldwide crisis (Crawford, 2000). The term moribund means languages only spoken by adults and are not taught to the next generation. Ã¢â‚¬Å"An additional 40 percent may soon be threatened because the number of children learning them is declining measurably. In other words, 90 percent of existing languages today are likely to die or become seriously embattled within the next centuryÃ¢â‚¬ (Crawford, 2000). If the languages are suffering then it is safe to conclude so are unique cultural traditions. The challenges are not limited to languages or traditions either. Other challenges may include cultural divides caused by lack of education, violence against other cultures due to fear of change, violence within a culture due to socioeconomic struggles, unrealistic stigmas, unfair stereotypes, as well as several disabling instances of war induced panic. After the attack on Pearl Harbor Japanese Americans were unjustly jailed and their rights were violated due to fear. More recently in history, after September 11, 2001, several Middle Eastern Americans have become more scrutinized in the United States and some were even victims of hate crimes. Since September 11, 2001, accountability has become an everyday reality for Middle Eastern Americans in light of official policies that systematically demand that they explain their every action (Amir, 2005). These challenges do not have to become common practice amongst the citizens of the United States. There are ways to combat the challenges of cultural diversity. The United States elected an African-American president in 2009. This election has been touted as the biggest leap for African-Americans and their place in society. There are others in the United States who dislikes President Obama solely or his skin color. The election did not solve the cultural diversity issues in the United States. The election did, however, open the door much wider to some of its citizens by making it socially acceptable to have an African American in a leadership role. Education can play the strongest role in combating cultural diversity. The United States is a melting pot of cultures from around th e world. Ã¢â‚¬Å"The concept of a Ã¢â‚¬Å"melting-potÃ¢â‚¬ America, a work-in-progress that will eventually yield a population of homogeneous citizens, is nothing more than an illusion. Once Americans accept this, they need to engage in a new discussion. Ã¢â‚¬ (Dicker, 2003). That new discussion is education on all levels. The United States has come a long way in working through some of its cultural diversities through television, music, art, media, and now politics. There is much more to be done through formal education starting in preschool classes and always being a factor in formal education. Through education stereotypes and stigmas can be dispelled and an era of open communication can begin. http://academic.eb.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultural_diversityoldid=299344953 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cultural+diversity

Thursday, March 19, 2020

Guide on Writing a Remarkable Statement of Purpose

Guide on Writing a Remarkable Statement of Purpose Statement of Purpose: Guidelines and Examples Education plays a crucial role in our lives. It gives information on the world, society and changes us. Being a student, you constantly learn how to apply knowledge and achieve all of the goals, succeeding in professional and personal life. Although there are multiple academic levels, which greatly differ, there is a thing, which unites all of them. To take it to the next level, you will need to provide the admission committee with a whole set of papers, including a statement of purpose. Go on reading to find out what the assignment is about and how to get noticed by the admission board. Definition To impress the admission board, your statement of purpose should be completely outstanding. You not only need to follow a required format and rules but also to make it free from any mistakes and meet the required academic level. Unfortunately, editing a statement of purpose (further SoP) is a very challenging task, and you need to possess solid skills to find mistakes in your own paper. Students always doubt whether they did everything properly. That is why they feel pressure and prefer entrusting the assignment to professionals. If you also donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t want to leave anything to the chance, turn to us and get writing, editing and proofreading assistance in no time! Statement of Purpose types Every college or university has specific requirements when it comes to applications. That is why your SoP must follow all the guidelines if you want it to be accepted with the committee. Of course, you should start with a proper word count and appropriate formatting style, but it is also crucial to understand what type of Statement of Purpose you are asked to deliver. The SoP can be divided into various categories, depending on the goal of conducting such an assignment and the program you are willing to enter. Statement of Interest for the Graduate School Writing personal statements for a graduate level is completely different from writing essays for college. Students still lack experience and grades, because they are just starting college. That is why their essay mainly concentrates on personal attitude and vision of the surrounding world. This is what makes graduate school essays so complicated. When writing such a paper, a student needs to explain why he or she is willing to enter the chosen program and how he or she is prepared for the study. Students should also write about their career plans, interests and other background information, which will help the board to evaluate whether the applicant is a right fit for the program. Letter/Statement of Intent Statement of intent is the assignment, which covers a particular subject. For example, MA in Chemistry or Ph.D. in Philosophy. Some students think that statement of intent is just another personal statement, but in reality it is a mixture of your career aspirations and ideas for future research. Through such a paper you explain what your interest is and why you need the chosen program for your research. Personal statement can be quite similar because it helps the board to understand why the candidate is a perfect fit for the program by reading about his or her personal values. PhD SoP Statement of purpose for a Ph.D. level must contain multiple details and information: your academic experience, an explanation why you are willing to conduct research and of course your background. PhD is the highest academic level, so once you reach it, you have all the necessary skills to make your SoP bright, interesting and catchy. PhD SoP is quite similar to the one of Graduate School but should contain more information on your projects and explain why your future research is important. Writing Grad School Statement of Purpose You probably know how important it is to make a good first impression and you SoP is the first step you make towards the admission board. We know how scared students become thinking about the importance of such assignment. However, the tips below will surely help you. Stay away from irrelevant information and unnecessary details of your personal life; When you enumerate facts, donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t place them in a row and dilute with a story, interesting description or a joke. Help the board see how intelligent you are; Instead of simply writing about your achievements, quantify them. This will save the boardÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s time and give them a clearer picture of the results you have reached; Always avoid watery texts and stick to the point of the statement; Your tone should be formal and professional but still contain conversational elements; Remain who you are even if you are tempted to exaggerate any details; Highlight your strong sides; Make a list of the things you want to include and stick to that plan; Try to write a new statement every time you want to apply; Never explain why you failed to achieve something; DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t use words you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t understand; Explain why you are a proper fit for the program instead of pleading the board to accept you; Show how your skills and personality grew though educational stages and explain how you are planning to achieve new heights; Always revise and proofread your statement, even if it seems flawless at first. What a Statement of Purpose should contain Your personal motivation to become a part of the chosen program; Experience, which influenced your interests and career in a chosen field; Internship, research, volunteer work and other activities, which can relate to the chosen program; Information on the course you have taken to improve your skills and knowledge; Description of your short-term and long-term goals; Explaining how the chosen program can help you with achieving academic or career aspirations. Starting a SoP Often writing the first line is the hardest step, so many students postpone the process. However, once you get started, it becomes much easier to complete the assignment. Here are the tips, which will help you to start: You should have a clear understanding of your future education and career. Before getting started you must understand what you are willing to achieve with the help of a chosen program. Without a clear goal you wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t be able to write an impressive application; Make a list of the reasons why you are applying for the program. Just take a paper and write down all of the reasons and motivation why you are willing to become a part of the selected program. Think why it can help you in achieving your academic goals. It is important to write everything down to always remember your aspirations. Once you have defined all of your goals, you can proceed with the research; Research is a great tool for generating new ideas and for writing a highly-academic paper. You can research the university, the chosen program, field of studies, professors and much more; Start the writing process. It may be a piece of paper or a MC Word document. DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t pay too much attention to the structure of your sentences and formatting. Simply write down anything, which enters your mind. Once the first draft is ready, reread it and edit in order to make it meet all of the requirements; Write a strong introduction to catch and hold the attention of the reader. Size of a SoP The length of your Statement of Purpose greatly depends on the college or university you are planning to enter. Usually, your SoP should be 5001000 words. To be on a safe side, you need to get familiar with the guidelines in order to know what formatting style to use and what font size to apply. It is crucial to follow all of the recommendations and check whether the word count of your statement meets the requirements. Examples of SoP Certain institutions provide applicants with specific questions, which you need to answer in your SoP instead of having the freedom to discuss any topic you want. For some students a necessity of choosing the topic on their own is additional stress, so assigning a topic becomes pure salvation. Examples of SoP for Grad School Why do you want to continue education at Grad School? Why did you decide to choose this particular program? Why did you decide to choose this college? Do you have any experience in the chosen field? How you are planning to use your degree in the future? What do you expect from the program and the college? Letter of Interest What are you planning to do with the degree in a professional field? Why are you willing to enter this program? Do you have enough experience and skills for the program? Statement of Intent Goals of your future research; Goals for your future career; How can the program assist you in achieving professional goals? Describe your previous projects and their influence on the choice of a particular program; How can the chosen program help you in solving the problems you have faced in your previous projects? Statement of Purpose: example I became interested in branding many years ago and such interest bloomed due to all of my college studies, experience and love to travel. People assume that brand can only be applied to companies, while it is a broader term, which can express a personality, a message and any other issue. I have examined the importance of brands in multiple companies and seen how the same brand has a completely different impact depending on the culture and location. Brands are more than companiesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ strategies to sell their goods and services. Brand is about giving a name to everything, to be noticed and to have a positive impact on the surrounding. Unfortunately, branding is treated wrongly and I want to examine every part of it, which is possible with your outstanding program. I want to become a part of it because of my passion for branding and management, which can impact the lives and success of many individuals and companies. I have experience working in marketing and brand development fields, which gave me an outstanding foundation for better understanding of the market and buyersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ psychology. I decided to apply to this program because of many reasons. First of all, it is one of the best schools in the country with the latest achievements and teaching approaches. Your school is well-known for helping graduates with entering the business world with solid knowledge and achievements. Another reason is that your program is constantly improved and helps students to challenge themselves, thinking outside the box and pushing the limits. I am ready for any challenges of joining your course. I have worked at a college and have also been an Assistant Manager in one of the biggest companies in New York. My main responsibilities were tracking how good the employees were in meeting the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s requirements, checking how optimal their marketing strategy was and completing reports on a weekly basis. The environment was vibrant and fast moving, filled with multiple challenges and new experience. It helped me to become independent, gain new skills and knowledge, follow the latest marketing trends and meet people, who were also passionate about marketing. Our world is moving so fast that it is crucial to learn quickly and always follow the market. I think that marketing is the same as branding. I want to enter this field because I am a creative person and willing to work hard to achieve my goals. Once I complete a masterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s degree, I want to use all the gained experience to help various brands with being recognized on the market. I also want to help people in achieving all of their goals by reinventing themselves. Assistance with writing a Statement of Purpose If you want to impress the admission committee, you need to make sure that your SoP is flawless and stands out from the rest. You should not only follow the required formatting rules and the number of words but also to make sure there are no mistakes in the text. Editing is a very challenging task and even the most experienced students often fail to complete it, because it is difficult to give the paper a fresh eye if you have been working on it for weeks. Statement of Purpose is a very important stage in your academic and professional career, so it is better to entrust the assignment to professionals. We are a company you can rely on. Our excellent writers, proofreaders and editors are there for you to work on every line of your Statement of Purpose any time of the day. Here are only some of the benefits you get, when working with us: Outstanding quality of the paper, meeting the required academic level; Your SoP will meet all of the requirements of the college or university you are applying to; Round the clock assistance, which will help you to control the process on every stage; Flawless grammar and absence of typos; Unlimited revisions if you have some comments.

Monday, March 2, 2020

Quines pueden ajustar su estatus y sacar green card

Quines pueden ajustar su estatus y sacar green card ElÃ‚ ajuste de estatusÃ‚ es un trmite migratorio muy ventajoso que permite a una persona que se encuentra ya en Estados Unidos sacar la tarjeta de residencia permanente (green card) sin necesidad de salir del paÃƒ s. Lamentablemente no todos los migrantes pueden solicitarlo. Por la importancia del ajuste migratorio, tambiÃƒ ©n conocido por sus siglas en inglÃƒ ©s de AOS, en este artÃƒ culo se explican cules son sus ventajas, quiÃƒ ©nes pueden solicitarlo, cÃƒ ³mo se tramita la solicitud y cul es la alternativa para los casos en los que no es posible. Ventajas de sacar la green card por ajuste de estatus El AOS brinda dos grandes beneficios: Evita los costes de viajar fuera de Estados Unidos para completar la tramitaciÃƒ ³n de una solicitud de green card.Y, sobre todo, evita que aplique el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aÃƒ ±os. Es importante tener en consideraciÃƒ ³n que esta penalidad sÃƒ ³lo aplica a las personas que se encuentran fuera de Estados Unidos y desean regresar con una visa de inmigrante o una de no inmigrante. Migrantes que pueden pedir ajuste de estatus por familia o trabajo Pueden hacerlo los migrantes que se encuentran en alguna de las siguientes categorÃƒ as: Los familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano americano: esposo, mujer, padres, madres e hijos menores solteros de 21 aÃƒ ±os si estn legalmente en USA o si, estando ilegalmente, su ingreso fue legal y ahora estn ilegales porque se quedaron en el paÃƒ s ms all del plazo autorizado de estadÃƒ a. Sin embargo, no se puede solicitarÃ‚ si han ingresado al paÃƒ s ilegalmente sin pasar por un control de inmigraciÃƒ ³n en una aduana.Ã‚ Esto es muy importante porque impide sacar la green card sin salir de Estados Unidos a cÃƒ ³nyuges, hijos solteros menores de 21 aÃƒ ±os y padres de ciudadanos americanos que llegaron al paÃƒ s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. En este caso hay excepciones limitadas, como el caso de familiares de militares por aplicaciÃƒ ³n del programa Parole in Place (PIP). Por otra parte, los hijos casados, los hijos solteros mayores de 21 aÃƒ ±os y los hermanos de ciudadanos americanos y los cÃƒ ³nyuges e hijos de cualquier edad de residentes permanentes sÃƒ ³lo pueden ajustar su estatus en USA si estn legalmente en el paÃƒ s, y debido a los tiempos de demora sÃƒ ³lo en casos excepcionales ser posible. Finalmente, losÃ‚ prometidos deÃ‚ ciudadanos americanos y los hijos de aquellos que hayan entrado a Estados Unidos con visas K-1 y K-2 respectivamente. Se requiere que el matrimonio se contraiga en los 90 dÃƒ as siguientes a haber ingresado al paÃƒ s. Es muy importante tener en cuenta que la boda se tiene que celebrar entre la persona pedida y el que la pide. No se puede cambiar de novio/a. Otro ejemplo de posibilidad de sacar la green card por ajuste de estatus tiene lugar cuando empresas y otras instituciones americanas como por ejemplo ONGs o universidades solicitar tarjetas de residencia para trabajadores y profesionales extranjeros. Si la peticiÃƒ ³n es aprobada se proceder a solicitar su ajuste de estatus, siempre y cuando estÃƒ ©n en el paÃƒ s legalmente. En otras palabras, ninguna empresa puede patrocinar una green card por razones de trabajo a un migrante que est en Estados Unidos con estatus de indocumentado, tanto si esa situaciÃƒ ³n es porque entrÃƒ ³ ilegalmente o porque no saliÃƒ ³ a tiempo del paÃƒ s. Ajuste de estatus con carcter derivado En ciertos casos se permite que cuando se tramita un ajuste de estatus para una persona que se pueda extender la peticiÃƒ ³n a su cÃƒ ³nyuge e hijos solteros menores de 21 aÃƒ ±os.Ã‚ Asilo polÃƒ tico, refugiados y ajuste de estatus Las personas a las que se le ha aprobado la condiciÃƒ ³n de asiladoÃ‚ podrn al cumplir el aÃƒ ±o a contar desde esa fecha solicitar por sÃƒ mismas el ajuste de estatus. Es necesario que se cumplan los siguientes requisitos: Presencia fÃƒ sica en Estados Unidos por al menos 365 dÃƒ as tras la concesiÃƒ ³n de la condiciÃƒ ³n de asilado.Y que las circunstancias por las que se le concediÃƒ ³ la solicitud de asilo no hayan cambiado.Podrn, asimismo, solicitar el ajuste sus cÃƒ ³nyuges e hijos solteros menores de 21 aÃƒ ±os. Asimismo, podrn solicitar este beneficio migratorio tras residir en Estados Unidos por un aÃƒ ±o tras haber ingresado al paÃƒ s como refugiados. Cubanos y su rÃƒ ©gimen migratorio especial Para las personas con pasaporte cubano aplica la ley conocida de Ajuste Cubano. Pero tener en cuenta que ya no est en aplicaciÃƒ ³n la polÃƒ tica deÃ‚ pies secos, pies mojados. Con Ajuste Cubano se puede solicitar el ajuste de estatus tras pasar un aÃƒ ±o y un dÃƒ a viviendo en Estados Unidos pero se tiene que haber ingresado legalmente. Los cÃƒ ³nyuges y los hijos solteros de cualquier edad de un cubano pero que tengan otra nacionalidad podrn tambiÃƒ ©n pedir el ajuste de estatus tras pasar 365 dÃƒ as en Estados Unidos si ingresaron legalmente. Ajuste de estatus por residencia continuada en Estados Unidos Los extranjeros que hanÃ‚ vivido en Estados Unidos de manera continua desde el 1 de enero de 1972 y pueden demostrarlo podrn solicitar un ajuste de estatus. Es lo que se conoce como residencia por el registry. Casos humanitarios y ajuste de estatus TambiÃƒ ©n pueden solicitar el ajuste de estatus los migrantes que han recibido una visa U por vÃƒ ctima de violencia o una visa T por trfico humano si han vivido en los Estados Unidos por al menos por 3 aÃƒ ±os desde que recibieron esa visa. En el caso de vÃƒ ctimas de violencia domÃƒ ©stica que se han regularizado mediante el programa VAWA y tienen una peticiÃƒ ³n I-360 aprobada, pueden pedir el ajuste de estatus inmediatamente si son cÃƒ ³nyuges de ciudadanos. Por el contrario, si son cÃƒ ³nyuges de residentes deben esperar que llegue su fecha de prioridad. Esta puede ser la del I-360 o, si su cÃƒ ³nyuge les habÃƒ a pedido previamente, la del I-130. DecisiÃƒ ³n judicial En casos de deportaciÃƒ ³n un juez de inmigraciÃƒ ³n puede decidir conceder un ajuste de estatus a un inmigrante extranjero. Esta es una de las formas de alivio con las que se puede luchar frente a la deportaciÃƒ ³n. Casos especiales de menores migrantes En ocasiones, una corte americana puede decidir que un menor extranjero no puede vivir con sus padres por razones de abuso, negligencia o abandono y establece que es en interÃƒ ©s del muchacho permanecer en Estados Unidos. Estos casos se conocen como inmigrantes juveniles especiales (SIJ, siglas en inglÃƒ ©s) y se permite que estos menores soliciten un ajuste de estatus para sÃƒ mismos. Casos especiales de inmigrantes militares Siempre en los tÃƒ ©rminos que disponga la ley, los extranjeros que colaboren con los EjÃƒ ©rcitos americanos podrn, en ciertas circunstancias, solicitar un ajuste de estatus. En estos momentos se concede este beneficio a traductores e intÃƒ ©rpretes afganos e iraquÃƒ es. Beneficios sociales para las personas tramitando un ajuste de estatus En algunos estados las personas en trmites para ajustar su estatus son consideradas PRUCOL y se les reconoce algunos beneficios sociales. Los requisitos varÃƒ an segÃƒ ºn el estado y segÃƒ ºn el tipo de beneficio. CÃƒ ³mo se pide el ajuste de estatus La planilla a llenar es la I-485. Hay que enviarla debidamente cumplimentada, con el pago de la tarifa y documentaciÃƒ ³n adicional necesaria. En cuanto al momento, depende del caso. Por ejemplo, si se trata de familiares inmediatos (cÃƒ ³nyuges, hijos solteros menores de 21 aÃƒ ±os y padres) de ciudadanos americanos se puede enviar junto con la peticiÃƒ ³n cuando se llena el I-130. Pero en los casos en los que existe un tope anual por categorÃƒ a hay que esperar a lo que se conoce como fecha al corriente. Para eso hay que consultar todos los meses el boletÃƒ n de visas. Viajar con peticiÃƒ ³n pendiente y quÃƒ © hacer con retrasos y negaciones Es posible que el USCIS no apruebe la solicitud de ajuste de estatus. En estos casos, chequea si puedes apelar su decisiÃƒ ³n. Asimismo, si se retrasa en dar una respuesta ms all de lo que es habitual para este tipo de trmite, consultar con un abogado si procede demandar mediante un writ of mandamus. TambiÃƒ ©n es muy importante tener en cuenta que si se inicia un proceso de ajuste de estatus no se debe salir de Estados Unidos sin pedir previamente una autorizaciÃƒ ³n conocida como advance parole. El procedimiento consular como opciÃƒ ³n al ajuste de estatus CuandoÃ‚ no se pueda ajustar el estatusÃ‚ la opciÃƒ ³n es salir de Estados Unidos e ir a travÃƒ ©s de lo que se conoce procedimiento consular. El gran problema con esto surge cuando se ha estado ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos por ms de 180 dÃƒ as porque aplica el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aÃƒ ±os, si bien hay casos de excepciones. Es cierto que en algunos casos es posible solicitar un perdÃƒ ³n, tambiÃƒ ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Pero las estadÃƒ sticas muestran que no es fcil obtenerlo. Por esta razÃƒ ³n es muy importante conocer cules son las opciones para el caso de cada uno y si hay un riesgo real de quedarse fuera de Estados Unidos por muchos aÃƒ ±os.